Mental Health Nursing Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mental Health Nursing - Personal Statement Example In 1993, the Burdekin Report also documented on human rights abuses within the institutions so that the Australian government was prompted to implement a five-year program to: (1) facilitate genuine participation for consumers and carers; (2) develop high-quality, community-based mental health care; and (3) outline a broader approach to population-based health promotion and disease prevention. You must understand then that many people in Australia especially those with mental disorders and their families, are getting frustrated, however, I am happy to tell you that many are still very willing to support the programs. I would like to quote the exact words of the Mental Health Care of Australia to make my point more vivid: "Their goodwill, patience and support for the protracted nature of genuine health care reform have been dissipated. They are willing to back another 5 years of government national planning - but only if it is supported by genuine national leadership and commitment (Mental Health Care of Australia). It is important therefore to have nurses and medical practitioners that are committed to the improvement in the mental health care. It is important to have a nurse like you who would take the challenges to work hard for the reforms needed for the mental health care not only for Australia but for your own country. I am most certain Australia's case is not isolated. The very fact that you are thirsting for more knowledge and exposure tells us that you too are confronted with the same problems and issues. Indeed we need to educate the society and battle the stigma associated with mental disorders that makes many fearful of medical treatments. I should also want to share with you the 10-point plan of... This paper approves that the Australian government provided $120 million funding that extended up to this year for the betterment of mental health care. It launched the 4 year program for the Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care Program which aims to support general practitioners in improving the quality of care through health education and training. The Government of Australia for instance has recorded significant progress in its reforms. The following are some of the achievements on the service development as published in the government’s website. Stop the over reliance on inpatient services. This means that there is the need to increase resources such as hostel type of accommodation, lifestyle support accommodation, 24 hour access emergency accommodation. According to the report "Their goodwill, patience and support for the protracted nature of genuine health care reform have been dissipated. They are willing to back another 5 years of government national planning - but on ly if it is supported by genuine national leadership and commitment". This essay makes a conclusion that Mental Health Services with recruitment largely done for the Healthy Young Minds workers. More than 600 people have a received a service under this program to date; Allocated $1.6m over four years for early intervention for young people experiencing mental illness for the first time including the establishment of an outreach service; Increased consultation with consumers and carers; and Implementing a workforce development plan to enhance delivery of services.

People Organization Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

People Organization Management - Essay Example A service industry is engaged in the production of tangible or intangible services that are of value to consumers as a final product. Work is any activity that an individual engages in on behalf of another individual or organization, with the purposes of accomplishing that activity or task within the set time frame to get a reward. The reward may be in the form of money or recognition. Managers are individuals entitled to make decision on how an organization operates. These individuals are in charge of the organization as a whole. On the other hand, the work of a supervisor is to basically ensure that the employees perform their duties as required by the managers. The supervisor is only responsible for the employees he supervises, not for the whole organization Political environment impacts heavily on every business organization, no matter its size or area of operation. Political factors impacts on an organization notwithstanding the fact that the organization may be domestic, national, or international. First, a government can restrict or control an organization's activities by offering support and encouraging, or by restricting, banning, or discouraging its activities. Secondly, due to political factors, a company's trading licence may be withdrawn by the government thereby effectively curtailing its operations in a given country. 6. "Give two examples of how the nature of work was affected by the so-called Industrial Revolution." Industrial revolution happened when there was an extensive replacement of manual work by machines. It began in Britain in the 18th century. First, agricultural economies were transformed into industrial ones. Man used to dig and plant the farms manually, but this was replaced by machines following the industrial revolution. Secondly, goods that were traditionally been produced from home in small quantities started to be mass-produced in factories in large quantities. The industrial revolution changed the nature of production. Also, to increase efficiency, large groups of enterprises would occupy a limited area. The nature of work was affected in that people started to move from rural areas into urban areas in search of work. 7. "Explain what Goldthorpe et al (1968) meant by their classification of an 'instrumental' orientation to work." This is where people are faced with a dilemma of having to choose between work that give an individual variety, relative autonomy, and scope for initiative, and work which for any talent level, affords the individual the uppermost going rate for economic return. 8. "What would you expect to happen to the wage rates of a particular occupation for whose services demand increased in the labour market'" The wage rate is expected to go up to reflect the increased demand of the services in the labour mar

As experts in the field, your marketing communications agency has been Research Paper

As experts in the field, your marketing communications agency has been asked to prepare a 'promotional plan' for an organisa - Research Paper Example The adaption of the second brand is due to the fact that products of the same nature exist but lack the ‘ah!’ factor. Through flavor and processing the best tobacco in 6teh world, Shishaah is presented as one of the purest form of rolled tobacco. The packaging of this product takes a rather more stylish look than the other products that trade in the same markets as the target markets for the Shishaah. The packaging includes the use of bio-friendly cover and a covered top presenting the illusion of an executive pen. By launching this product, the promotional plan aims at presenting a new tobacco product to the market to create a market share from those customers or cigarette smokers with the intentions to quit. While cigarette smoking and criticisms have led to reduced consumption of tobacco, the aim of this promotional plan is to launch a product that rates lower than cigarettes in terms of health – one that satisfies the smoking cravings of the regular smoker and the struggling quitters. In the past, various people, presumably users of conventional cigarettes have been documented filing law suits due to health problems that they associate directly with the consumption of tobacco from capable companies such as British American Tobacco (BAT) (Centers For Disease Control And Prevention a, 19). In this case, intense research on all possible effects of smoking Shisha have been identified and through the introduction of a better processed and flavored Shishaah major concerns are handled primarily. The selection of target market follows research results from a prefeasibility study that shows the number of people quitting cigarettes and their reasons for quitting. In addition, the number of quitters willing to take a break from conventional cigarettes presents an initial market as their motive for quitting conventional cigarettes is to try new products that may give a better feeling than the comfort sought from cigarettes. The target market mostly comprises of 25-50 year olds who are at their prime stage of developing their career foundations or at their active smoking phases (Centers For Disease Control And Prevention b, 33). The positioning of the Shishaah would be targeting all customers of the ages 25-50 and with a base income of more than $60,000 per annum. This target market is selected due to the fact that the product is released with the tagline ‘Shishaah! A product for the premium consumer’. Hence fore, the marketing positioning for Shishaah will be targeting middle to upper class customers within the industry. Competition in this area is presented by products such as Marlboro and Bucks as they are products, although not similar to Shishaah, that target the same cohort of consumers as the target market for the Shishaah. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths With regards to the target market of Shishaah, a considerable number of active smokers in the UK alone stand over 13,700,000 within the urban settings alone. On th e international market, the US is estimated to have a total of 18% of adults smoking on a regular basis – the Center for Disease Control reports. The CDC also identifies that a majority of working US adults are quitting smoking due to reasons central to health issues. In this case, one of the strengths of Shishaah is creating

People Organization Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

People Organization Management - Essay Example A service industry is engaged in the production of tangible or intangible services that are of value to consumers as a final product. Work is any activity that an individual engages in on behalf of another individual or organization, with the purposes of accomplishing that activity or task within the set time frame to get a reward. The reward may be in the form of money or recognition. Managers are individuals entitled to make decision on how an organization operates. These individuals are in charge of the organization as a whole. On the other hand, the work of a supervisor is to basically ensure that the employees perform their duties as required by the managers. The supervisor is only responsible for the employees he supervises, not for the whole organization Political environment impacts heavily on every business organization, no matter its size or area of operation. Political factors impacts on an organization notwithstanding the fact that the organization may be domestic, national, or international. First, a government can restrict or control an organization's activities by offering support and encouraging, or by restricting, banning, or discouraging its activities. Secondly, due to political factors, a company's trading licence may be withdrawn by the government thereby effectively curtailing its operations in a given country. 6. "Give two examples of how the nature of work was affected by the so-called Industrial Revolution." Industrial revolution happened when there was an extensive replacement of manual work by machines. It began in Britain in the 18th century. First, agricultural economies were transformed into industrial ones. Man used to dig and plant the farms manually, but this was replaced by machines following the industrial revolution. Secondly, goods that were traditionally been produced from home in small quantities started to be mass-produced in factories in large quantities. The industrial revolution changed the nature of production. Also, to increase efficiency, large groups of enterprises would occupy a limited area. The nature of work was affected in that people started to move from rural areas into urban areas in search of work. 7. "Explain what Goldthorpe et al (1968) meant by their classification of an 'instrumental' orientation to work." This is where people are faced with a dilemma of having to choose between work that give an individual variety, relative autonomy, and scope for initiative, and work which for any talent level, affords the individual the uppermost going rate for economic return. 8. "What would you expect to happen to the wage rates of a particular occupation for whose services demand increased in the labour market'" The wage rate is expected to go up to reflect the increased demand of the services in the labour mar

Intelligence Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intelligence Community - Essay Example It can be affirmed in this similar concern that various rules and constraints may decrease the potentiality to adopt and execute sudden decisions (American Military University, n.d.).While determining the causes of the Intelligence failure of 9/11, it was noted that problems within the Agency were growing, as there laid huge figure of priorities, low budget and the persistence of bureaucratic rivalry among others. These factors did not allowed the US Intelligence Agency to address and mitigate the threat concerning national security, which raised due to the occurrence of 9/11 incident (The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, 2004). Notably, the lack of military option can be duly regarded as one of the prime causes of the Intelligence failure of 9/11 incident. This can be justified with reference to the fact that the military personnel had to follow certain limited   policies based on which they could not make effective decisions for resolving the adver se situation of 9/11 incidence. This particular reason or cause ultimately led towards frustration within the military base, as they could not take the decisions according to the prevailing situation, which imposed negative impact on the nation and its people. Specially mentioning, the nation i.e. the US faced a major threat regarding not interpreting the language of Arabic, which was used by the terrorists involved in 9/11 attack. Thus, the misinterpretation of the same by both the Central Intelligence.

Sexual Harrasment Essay Example for Free

Sexual Harrasment Essay He is trying to make her feel if she doesn’t continue the relationship with him it will cause a big problem and will spoil her name in society. He is forcing her to continue the relationship only with him. Linda offers sexual favors to her professor in order to get a passing grade. The professor agrees, and Linda receives a passing grade. Even though Linda offers sexual favors without professor compulsion, this is also a Sexual Harassment. Because, the professor is making use of Linda’s need to get passing grade. It clearly shows that Linda will get only passing grade if she does the sexual favor. A demand or request for sexual favor to do anything is clearly a sexual harassment. Mary, a supervisor, asks her male employee, Stan, to join her for dinner so they have will some quiet time away from the office to go over his performance evaluation. We are not clear about the intention of Mary here. If Mary really asks Stan to join her for dinner to discuss his performance evaluation it is good. Even if she discuss about performance, if she force Stan to join her for dinner it is harassment. It seems like, if Stan joins her for dinner, then only she is willing to go over his performance evaluation. Bob, a supervisor, makes comments about on a regular basis to his secretary, Susan, about how she is dressed for the day. Comments about clothing, personal behavior, or a person’s body are also one form of Sexual harassment. Bob’s comments on Susan’s dress for the day are Verbal Sexual Harassment. A customer in a restaurant grabs the rear end of a waitress. She complains about the customer to the manager, who says, â€Å"Ignore it, you’ll probably get bigger tip. Manager asking his waitress to ignore it for bigger tip is clearly the sexual harassment. Because, Manager is not willing to lose his customer on behalf of this and he is also encouraging these things to happen. Don posts pictures of scantily clothed women on his office walls. This is a more pervasive form of sexual harassment involving work conditions or behavior that make the work enviro nment hostile for the woman to be in. Display of pornography or sexist/obscene graffiti is an example of a hostile work environment. This is also one of the forms of Sexual Harassment.

Productivity Rate Of Roof Works For Project Scheduling Construction Essay

Productivity Rate Of Roof Works For Project Scheduling Construction Essay Abstract: In Malaysia, there is no research done specifically on collecting construction productivity data to serve as a guideline and standards for use by all players in the construction industry. Similar to JKR, as the largest implementers of government projects, the current practice on approval the schedule of works that submitted by contractors are mostly based on the engineers gut feeling/opinion and past experience. There is no standard procedure and guidelines to review and checking the duration and resources allocation in each activity in contractors work program. As an effort, this study will start with focusing on the identification of factors that influencing roofing works productivity in construction project. Those factors can be obtained through a series of statistical analysis based on the data collected from questionnaire and interview with the experts. Data from previous projects also very important in order to get the actual productivity rate for roof works. Finally, the expected finding for this study will be: a) List of factors that influence the productivity rate for roof works, b) The critical factors affecting most to productivity rate for roofing works, c) A metrics of productivity rate for roof works as a standard and guideline for improving JKR projects scheduling. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Managing construction projects always requires constant monitoring of project performance and the updating on project schedule. Project performance data and productivity data from the construction field is a key role in evaluating and predicting project performance in term of cost and schedule. According to Motwani et al. (1995), the productivity in construction has always been very difficult to measure and control. Even though, productivity in construction hard to measure, there is a need to use it for timely decisions and reduce the negative impacts on cost and schedule. Therefore, the integration of historical productivity data with the on-going performance data in construction field are required (Hwang and Liu, 2005). Hwang and Liu, (2009) presented that an accurate productivity prediction is important for managing construction projects. In fact, a construction project is commonly to be successful when it is delivering within its budget and timeline. The planning and control process also explains the importance of accurate productivity estimate which first, estimating time and cost of construction activities that inevitably requires productivity estimates (Hinze, 1998), and second, integrated management of time and cost must involved productivity factor (Dawood and Molson, 1997). There are most previous studies focusing on defining factors influence productivity and measuring limited parts of activities at micro level to investigate the relationship between factors and productivity. A standard construction productivity metric system that more reliable is a critical element in construction productivity performance evaluation and improvement process. There need a tool to drive performance improvement through internal and external benchmarking. Park, et al., (2005) present that nowadays, demand from the construction industry on developing acceptable construction productivity metrics and standardized productivity data are the main issues to focus by the industry players and researches. Problem Statement As the main technical agencies for the Government of Malaysia, Public Work Department (PWD) or Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) entrusted to implement development projects throughout the country. It is the goal of JKR to ensure that the organization is run efficiently and effectively in order to achieve the vision, mission and objectives of the department. JKR is responsible to ensure that all the projects must be implemented well, complete on time, within the budget and provide quality products. In 9th Malaysian Plan (RMK 9), most of JKR projects cannot be deliver on time. For example, about 41% of projects in JKR Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur cannot be delivering on time which is most of it are due to wrongly estimate the duration of the construction activities in project scheduling. It is also regarding to lack of competency of JKR officers in reviewing and giving advice to contractors especially in preparing realistic projects work program. This problem can be categorized as serious m atter and give high impact to the overall performance of JKR due to unsatisfaction of client with JKRs reputation. As the biggest technical government agency, there should be a way to solve the problem so that it will improve JKR image and give high reputation to the clients. 1 Master Student, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2 Supervisor, Professor Dr, Lecturer of Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. There should be a standard productivity rate of each activity in the project in order to guide the contractor and the JKR supervision team to plan and implement the projects successfully. Therefore, the study on productivity rate of roof works for building project scheduling as an effort and starting point to develop the standard productivity rate of project activities for JKRs projects. In fact, this study is consistent with JKR strategies and action plan in achieving Effective Implementation of Malaysia 5 Years Plan especially to ensure that projects are implemented through appropriate implementation methodologies to meet customer needs and outcomes. One of the action plans stated in JKR Strategic Framework is to establish effective project performance tracking system which is JKR must analyzing all data that related to the project in order to improve JKR project implementation (JKR, 2007). The Objectives The aim of this study is to establish the productivity rate of roof works for JKR building projects scheduling. In order to achieve this, the following are the objectives of the study: To identify the factors that influence the productivity of roof works To establish the relationship between influence factors and productivity of roof works To develop a metrics of productivity rate for roof works Scope of Study There are certain limitations to be follow to ensure that this study is completed within the time frame given. Firstly, this study only takes into consideration on all projects which implement in central region of Peninsular Malaysia i.e. projects in JKR Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur and JKR Selangor. Second, the sample for this study is concentrate only in school projects which are the most of JKR projects implementation in 9th Malaysian Plan. Since standard design was using in school projects, the area of roof is fixed. This given the standardization to estimate the productivity rate for roofing works referring to the floor area involved. Roof trusses in construction projects can be classified in timber roof trusses, hot rolled roof trusses, cold form roof trusses and etc. The third limitation of this study is only taking into consideration of the cold form roof trusses because most of the school projects are using this type of trusses. In addition, JKR already has a list of 22 names of cold form roof trusses suppliers which their design have been reviewed and approved by the JKR Structure Expert Division. This list is for the JKR officers in state and district office to choose for their projects especially school projects. Forth, part of roof covering for this study only take into consideration one(1) types which is concrete roof tiles including insulations. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Recently, construction productivity is on a long-term slide and it is recognized as industry challenge. System, people, materials, information and energy must flow effectively and efficiently to produce its objective at high productivity to complete construction at lowest possible cost with possible shortest timeframe (Picard, 2005). Productivity is critically important in construction industry. Many researchers have expressed their concern over productivity in construction industry. Defining productivity is not a simple task to everybody. Different people will give different definition and understanding. Most of them agreed that marketable output was essentially the main measure used. Increased productivity was a leading concern to all Committee stakeholders such as users, contractors, and construction labor unions and led by the owner. The construction users emphasized the need of collecting data directly relevant to productivity improvement. The Committee was concluded that the front-line construction foreman/supervisor would be a reliable source of information. These informants would be asked to provide their judgment of the greatest impediments to a productive construction project (Tucker, 2003). Definition of productivity Within these several decades, many researchers have defined the productivity term in their studies in a number of ways. The term productivity has different meanings to different people. Many individuals automatically think only of labor unions when the term productivity is mentioned. Others associate capital expenditures with the term. Each of these interpretations is only partly correct (Adrian, 1993). Many researchers have attempted to define precisely the meaning of productivity and below are some of it that referred from their studies: Oglesby et al. (1989), presented that productivity can be defined as in-place value divided by inputs. Some researchers have defined it as works-hours divided by the equivalent quantity of work. In construction, productivity normally can be understood as work quantity divided by man-hours (or work-hours) consumed to accomplish the work. Productivity = Work Quantity Man-hours According to Dolman, Parham, Zheng, (2007), productivity is a measure in order to know how much output is produced per unit of input. Diewert Lawrence, (2006) presented that productivity can be defined as the level of economic output per unit of input and also per worker. Productivity is important to the wealth and well-being of a nation and give efforts to improve productivity occur at all levels of society. Thomas and Mathew, (1986) presented that no standardized productivity definition had been established in the construction industry. It is difficult to define a standard productivity measure because companies use their own systems which are not standardized. Association simply illustrates the productivity between an output and an input. The form has been widely used and existing in literature over the years in construction industry is; Productivity = Input/Output 2.3 Measurement of productivity There is controversy surrounding productivity that rooted in the differences in data collection. It is due to incorrect in assuming productivity measured uniformly and that all published productivity values have the same basis (Whiteside, 2006). Overall conception of productivity is difficult to express or to measure. It is sometimes expressed either in terms of output from labor or from services or from capital invested. These parts of expressions often do not give an accurate picture of the overall position. Although, there are measurements of some or all of the inputs and outputs of the industry but they still failed to combine these measurements into any satisfactory measure of efficiency. In fact, the ratio is easy to compute if the unit uses a single input to produce a single output (Choy, 2008). Although there are numbers of publications exist on construction productivity, there is no agreed upon definition of work activities nor a standard productivity measurement system. Most of researchers have concluded that it is difficult to obtain a standard method to measure construction labor productivity because of project complexity and unique characteristics of the construction projects (Oglesby et al. 1989). The uniqueness and non repetitive of operation in construction projects make it is difficult to develop a standard productivity definition and measure (Sweis, 2000). Factors influence productivity in construction Lim et al., (1995) has studied that factors affecting productivity in the construction industry in Singapore, indicated the problems affecting productivity were difficulty with recruitment of supervisors, difficulty with recruitment of workers, high rate of labor turnover, absenteeism from the work site and communication problems with the foreign workers. Olomolaiye et al., (1996) also studied that factors affecting productivity of craftsmen in Indonesia show the findings indicating craftsmen in this country spent 75 % of their time working productively. There are five specific productivity problems were identified such as lack of materials, rework, absenteeism, lack of equipment and tools. Kane et al., (cited in Herbsman et al., 1990) has classified the factors affecting construction productivity into two main groups which is technological factors and administrative factors. The technological factors involved those related to the design of the project and the administrative group factors are related to the management and construction of the project. Technological factors are comprises of sub-groups such as design factors, material factors and location factors. Administrative factors are comprises of sub-groups, such as construction methods and procedural factors, equipment factors, labor factors and social factors. Based on Heizer and Render (1990), they classified that factors influencing site productivity into 3 groups which are labour characteristic factors, project work conditions factors and non-productive activities. Olomolaiye et al., (1998) also stated that factors affecting construction productivity are rarely constant and may vary from country to country, fro m project to project and even within the same project which are depending on circumstances. They classified the factors influencing construction productivity into 2 categories which are external and internal. That means its representing those outside the control of the firms management and those originating within the firm. The external factors included the nature of the industry, construction client knowledge of construction procedure, weather and level of economic development. The internal factors included management, technology, labor and labor unions. Choi, (2007), stated that based on his finding, weather and poor communication prove to be the greatest impediment to roofing productivity, whereas the field workers pointed out that roof pitch, height and age of the roof along weather were major causes for lack of productivity in their job at site. He also stressed that roofing contractor generally not consider safety as a high priority in their business. Metrics an overview According to Melnyk et al., (2004), they stated that metrics are fulfill with the fundamental activities measuring (evaluating how we are doing), educating (communicating what is important and how we intend to deliver value to our customers) and directing (flagging potential problems by size of gap between the metrics and standards). Ideally, metrics are consistent with the way operation delivers value to the customers. Based on Melnyk et al., (2005), they presented that metric is a verifiable measure which consists of three elements such as; a) the specific measure, b) the standard (the numerical values that identifies the minimum threshold of performance, and c) the environment which the activity or person being measured operates. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In order to achieve the objectives, Figure 1.1 illustrated the schematic of research methodology for this study. Generally, it consists of four distinct phases, which are phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 and phase 4. 3.1 Phase 1 Selection of the topic has been done after gone through JKR listing of significance topics that can contribute to department as a whole. Topic of the study and proposed productivity rate of roof works is important to JKR building project scheduling to ensure all project can be completed on time with good quality. Based on previous researchers, there are several measurements on productivity rate in construction. This study will be focusing on the identification of factors that influencing roofing works productivity in JKR projects. From this scenario, the objectives of this study has been identified which are identifying of factors influence, the relationship and the establishing productivity rate of roof works. In such way, the focus of this topic must be in line with study limitation. In order to strengthen knowledge and ideas in this research area, extensive reading from journals and books must be thoroughly done. Besides that, preliminary site observation has been conducted to the selected site. Furthermore, the preliminary interview was conducted to get overview information about productivity rate of roof works. Due to time constraint, the observation has been done only for school projects. 3.2 Phase 2 A few samples of studies will be identifying purposely for running through the method of productivity measurement for getting accurate and practical data. Observation on quantity of roof works per man hours should be performing at site. During observation at site, interview with the expert is use as a tool to collect information data on how the productivity rate of roof works can be estimate and what are the factors influences the productivity rate Several interviewees will be selected based on qualification and experienced more than 10 years especially contractors and suppliers. Beside that, questionnaire will be distributed to technical person such as supervisor, engineer, manager and contractors to obtain their opinion in term of productivity rate of roof works. 3.3 Phase 3 In this stage, all the data from the questionnaires and interviews will compile. The data will be analyze accordingly and transform into productivity rate. Data analyzing, there will be a confirmation on what are the factors influence productivity rate of roof works will be getting through data analyzing, while standard productivity rate metrics of roof works will be producing after transform all the data into productivity rate by using appropriate statistical analysis. 3.4 Phase 4 Extract from data obtained in Phase 3, some proposal or recommendation will be highlighted in order to enhance a metrics of standard productivity rate for future building project scheduling. EXPECTED RESULTS The expected results of this study in next semester are: a) List of factors that influence the productivity rate for roof works, b) The critical factors affecting most to productivity rate for roofing works, c) A metrics of productivity rate for roof works as a standard and guideline for improving JKR projects scheduling. Selection of Topic Identify the Objective and Scope Phase 1 Preliminary Site Observation Literature Review Preliminary Interview Objective.(c) Objective.(b) Objective.(a) Case Studies Identify the factors influence Observation on quantity of works/ man hours DATA COLLECTION Interview with Experts Selecting several experts with experience more than 10 years Phase 2 DATA ANALYSIS Figure 1.1: Schematic of Research Methodology TENTATIVE SCHEDULE The following table is the tentative schedule for final project in next semester: